In recent years, environmental sensing of the temperature, strain and strain rate has been revolutionized by the development of fiber-optic based measurements. These tools now allow groundwater hydrologists to measure at very high spatial and temporal scales, the temperature of ground and surface water, the rock strain induced by groundwater pumping and land subsidence, and seismic signals for inversion of complex geologic structures.
This book summarizes the theory and examples of the use of Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS), Distributed Strain Sensing and Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) for subsurface characterization and analysis of groundwater/surface water exchange.