The Groundwater Project

Introduction to Boundary Conditions for Groundwater Modeling

introboundaryconditioninteractivetoolpage
Authors:

Thomas Reimann, Technical University of Dresden, Germany
Eileen Poeter, Colorado School of Mines, USA

Release date: November 2025

Important Note: This interactive tool is designed for educational use.

Boundary conditions define how the groundwater system interacts with its surroundings. They describe whether water enters or leaves the model domain, for example, through recharge, rivers, lakes, wells, or impermeable barriers. It is essential to understand the concept behind the different boundary conditions. This understanding is required to ‘translate’ physical and hydrological elements of the real world into model elements.

With this application you can build intuition for how Type I/II/III boundaries behave, and how this behavior can be described by discharge-head relations (Q–h-plots). You can learn how boundary conditions reflect system characteristics, and gain an understanding of the general characteristics of groundwater–surface water interaction.

This application is an excellent introduction for the Module: Boundary Conditions for Groundwater Modeling.

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