The Groundwater Project

Age Dating Young Groundwater

How to Determine Groundwater Age from Environmental Tracer Data

Cover Age Dating Young Groundwater
Publication year: 2024
Number of pages: 115

978-1-77470-058-7

Authors:

Kip Solomon: University of Utah, USA
Troy Gilmore: University of Nebraska, USA

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Released: 8 February, 2024

Description

This book provides an overview of common tracer methods that can be used for age dating young groundwater that recharged less than about 60 years ago. In this book, applications of tracers to address hydrogeologic problems are only mentioned briefly because such problems are the topic of the Groundwater Project Book titled Introduction to Isotopes and Environmental Tracers as Indicators of Groundwater Flow (Cook, 2020) which readers are encouraged to review.

The dating tracer methods include tritium (3H), tritium/helium-3 (3H/3He), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). All these methods except 3H involve the occurrence and transport of dissolved gases and thus the basic concepts of dissolved gases are discussed in this book.

The authors are hydrogeologists interested in solving both groundwater quality and quantity issues in a world in which the availability of high-quality groundwater is diminishing. The goal of this book is to inform researchers and policy makers about the concepts and underlying assumptions involved in groundwater dating methods with the aim of increasing the application of these powerful methods while informing readers of their inherent limitations.

Contents

1 INTRODUCTION

2 DISSOLVED GASES IN GROUNDWATER

2.1 Henry’s Law

2.2 Composition of the Atmosphere

2.3 Atmospheric Equilibrium

2.4 Total Dissolved Gas Pressure

2.5 Production of Gas in the Subsurface

2.6 Gases in Groundwater: Excess Air

2.7 Noble Gas Thermometry

3 TRITIUM DATING METHOD

3.1 Background and Historical Development

3.2 Basic Concepts and Systematics

3.3 Sample Collection and Analysis

3.4 Calculation of Tracer Age

3.5 Sensitivity of Age to Input Parameters

3.6 Discussion of Tracer Specific Issues

3.7 Summary

4 TRITIUM/HELIUM-3 DATING METHOD

4.1 Background and Historical Development

4.2 Basic Concepts and Systematics

4.3 Sample Collection and Analysis

4.4 Calculation of Tracer Age

4.5 Sensitivity of Age to Input Parameters

4.6 Discussion of Tracer Specific Issues

4.7 Summary

5 SULFUR HEXAFLUORIDE DATING METHOD

5.1 Background and Historical Development

5.2 Basic Concepts and Systematics

5.3 Sample Collection and Analysis

5.4 Calculation of Tracer Age

5.5 Sensitivity of Age to Input Parameters

5.6 Discussion of Tracer Specific Issues

5.7 Summary

6 CHLOROFLUOROCARBON DATING METHOD

6.1 Background and Historical Development

6.2 Basic Concepts and Systematics

6.3 Sample Collection and Analysis

6.4 Calculation of Tracer Age

6.5 Sensitivity of Age to Input Parameters

6.6 Discussion of Tracer-Specific Issues

6.7 Summary

7 WRAP UP

8 EXERCISES

9 REFERENCES

10 BOXES

Box 1 The Total Dissolved Gas Pressure (Tdgp) Probe

Box 2 Procedure for Sampling Wells

Box 3 Procedure for Sampling from Streambeds

11 EXERCISE SOLUTIONS

12 NOTATIONS

13 ABOUT THE AUTHORS

Interview with the Authors