Hydraulics

Starting from Newton’s laws of motion and viscosity, this book is an introduction to fundamental aspects of fluid dynamics that are most relevant to groundwater scientists. Based on a perspective of driving versus resisting forces that govern the motion of a fluid, the author derives Darcy’s law for flow through porous media by relating it

Because flowing wells are spectacular visual evidence of groundwater occurrence, they became the impetus for both qualitative and quantitative groundwater science. The pursuit of answers to fundamental questions generated by flowing wells in confined aquifers bounded by aquitards moved the science forward for more than a century until pumping became the main form of groundwater

Researchers and practitioners have come to recognize the limitations of conventional methods for groundwater velocity estimation because, over the past few decades, they observed failures of remediation plans at some sites that resulted from inadequate hydrogeologic investigation. This ignited an interest in alternative methods and technologies for measuring groundwater velocity. There is now emerging a

This book describes how groundwater is linked with surface water features such as rivers, lakes and wetlands and function as a continuous hydrologic system. The exchange of water is driven by differences in water levels, hydrogeologic properties of earth materials and the underlying geologic framework. Challenges in documenting the locations and rates of water exchange

Underground aquifers are the water source for 70% of the world’s irrigation use. Many of these aquifers have experienced steep drops in water pressure and are endangered from over consumption. For example, the figure below shows groundwater spewing from an artesian well that was drilled in 1888 in Woonsocket, South Dakota, USA. Initial wellhead pressure

This book emphasizes the need for groundwater scientists to have a solid understanding of the occurrence and behavior of groundwater in a variety of conditions and settings. Knowledge of how porous media store, yield, and transmit water, and the factors that control groundwater flow rates and directions are highlighted. Eight Boxes present more detailed discussion

This book explains graphical construction of groundwater flow nets and provides exercises and videos links to help readers gain a deeper and intuitive understanding of groundwater flow.

The molecules in a gas are in constant, chaotic thermal motion. Because the molecules are free to move about, constituent molecules intermingle, collide with one another, and impinge upon particles that may be embedded in the gas. If the concentration of a particular constituent is non-uniform, there occurs an aggregate motion of that constituent from